PALI

Physical Constants

190 constants·6 domains

AEROSPACE

4
Constant: ISA sea-level density
Physical Constants
ρ0=1.225  kg/m³\rho₀ = 1.225 \; \text{kg/m³}
Value

1.225

Category

Physical Constants

ISA sea-level density. Related: Aerodynamic calculations at sea level

Constant: ISA sea-level pressure
Physical Constants
p0=101325  Pap₀ = 101325 \; \text{Pa}
Value

10**1325

Category

Physical Constants

ISA sea-level pressure. Related: ISA atmosphere, altimetry

Constant: ISA sea-level temperature
Physical Constants
T0=288.15  KT₀ = 288.15 \; \text{K}
Value

288.15

Category

Physical Constants

ISA sea-level temperature. Related: ISA atmosphere, speed of sound

Specific Gas Constant
Gas Properties
Rsp=Ru/MmolR_{sp} = R_{u} / M_{mol}
Value

R_sp = R_u / M_mol

Category

Gas Properties

R_u = 8.31446 J/(mol·K)

CHEMICAL

3
Arrhenius Equation
kinetics
k=Ae−Ea/RTk = A e^{-E_{a} / RT}
Value

A * exp(-E_a / (8.314 * T))

Category

kinetics

Constant: Avogadro's Number
Physical Constants
NA=6.022×1023  1/molNA = 6.022 \times 10²³ \; \text{1/mol}
Value

6.022 * 1023

Category

Physical Constants

Avogadro's Number. Related: Molar quantities

Equilibrium constant (concentration)
Reaction Kinetics
Kc=∏[Yj]ηj∏[Xi]νiK_{c} = \frac{\prod [Y_{j}]^{\eta_{j}}}{\prod [X_{i}]^{\nu_{i}}}
Value

K_c = prod(Y_j**eta_j) / prod(X_i**nu_i)

Category

Reaction Kinetics

For aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD: K_c = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

MATERIALS

45
Bulk Modulus
elasticity
K=E3(1−2ν)K = \frac{E}{3(1-2\nu)}
Value

E / (3 * (1 - 2 * nu))

Category

elasticity

Bulk Modulus - Aluminum
Material Constants
KaluminumK_{aluminum}
Value

7.600000e+10

Category

Material Constants

Bulk modulus for aluminum.

Bulk Modulus - Copper
Material Constants
KcopperK_{copper}
Value

1.400000e+11

Category

Material Constants

Bulk modulus for copper.

Bulk Modulus - Steel (Iron)
Material Constants
KironK_{iron}
Value

1.700000e+11

Category

Material Constants

Bulk modulus for iron, the primary component of steel.

Bulk Modulus - Titanium
Material Constants
KtitaniumK_{titanium}
Value

1.100000e+11

Category

Material Constants

Bulk modulus for titanium.

Density - Aluminum
Material Constants
ρaluminum\rho_{aluminum}
Value

2700

Category

Material Constants

Density of aluminum.

Density - Concrete
Material Constants
ρconcrete\rho_{concrete}
Value

2400

Category

Material Constants

Density of concrete.

Density - Copper
Material Constants
ρcopper\rho_{copper}
Value

8960

Category

Material Constants

Density of copper.

Density - Steel
Material Constants
ρsteel\rho_{steel}
Value

7850

Category

Material Constants

Density of steel.

Density - Titanium
Material Constants
ρtitanium\rho_{titanium}
Value

4506

Category

Material Constants

Density of titanium.

Melting Point - Aluminum
Material Constants
Tm,aluminumT_{m, aluminum}
Value

933.47

Category

Material Constants

Melting point of aluminum.

Melting Point - Copper
Material Constants
Tm,copperT_{m, copper}
Value

1357.77

Category

Material Constants

Melting point of copper.

Melting Point - Steel (Iron)
Material Constants
Tm,steelT_{m, steel}
Value

1811

Category

Material Constants

Melting point of iron, the primary component of steel.

Melting Point - Titanium
Material Constants
Tm,titaniumT_{m, titanium}
Value

1941

Category

Material Constants

Melting point of titanium.

Poisson's Ratio - Aluminum
Material Constants
νaluminum\nu_{aluminum}
Value

0.35

Category

Material Constants

Poisson's ratio for aluminum.

Poisson's Ratio - Beryllium
Material Constants
νberyllium\nu_{beryllium}
Value

0.032

Category

Material Constants

Poisson's ratio for beryllium.

Poisson's Ratio - Copper
Material Constants
νcopper\nu_{copper}
Value

0.34

Category

Material Constants

Poisson's ratio for copper.

Poisson's Ratio - Steel (Iron)
Material Constants
νiron\nu_{iron}
Value

0.29

Category

Material Constants

Poisson's ratio for iron, the primary component of steel.

Poisson's Ratio - Titanium
Material Constants
νtitanium\nu_{titanium}
Value

0.32

Category

Material Constants

Poisson's ratio for titanium.

Poissons Ratio Relationship
elasticity
G=E2(1+ν)G = \frac{E}{2(1+\nu)}
Value

E / (2 * (1 + nu))

Category

elasticity

Shear Modulus - Aluminum
Material Constants
GaluminumG_{aluminum}
Value

2.600000e+10

Category

Material Constants

Shear modulus for aluminum.

Shear Modulus - Copper
Material Constants
GcopperG_{copper}
Value

4.800000e+10

Category

Material Constants

Shear modulus for copper.

Shear Modulus - Steel (Iron)
Material Constants
GironG_{iron}
Value

8.200000e+10

Category

Material Constants

Shear modulus for iron, the primary component of steel.

Shear Modulus - Titanium
Material Constants
GtitaniumG_{titanium}
Value

4.400000e+10

Category

Material Constants

Shear modulus for titanium.

Specific Heat Capacity - Aluminum
Material Constants
cp,aluminumc_{p, aluminum}
Value

897

Category

Material Constants

Specific heat capacity of aluminum.

Specific Heat Capacity - Concrete
Material Constants
cp,concretec_{p, concrete}
Value

880

Category

Material Constants

Specific heat capacity of concrete.

Specific Heat Capacity - Copper
Material Constants
cp,copperc_{p, copper}
Value

385

Category

Material Constants

Specific heat capacity of copper.

Specific Heat Capacity - Steel
Material Constants
cp,steelc_{p, steel}
Value

490

Category

Material Constants

Specific heat capacity of steel.

Specific Heat Capacity - Titanium
Material Constants
cp,titaniumc_{p, titanium}
Value

523

Category

Material Constants

Specific heat capacity of titanium.

Thermal Conductivity - Concrete
Material Constants
kconcretek_{concrete}
Value

0.8

Category

Material Constants

Thermal conductivity of concrete.

Thermal Conductivity - Copper
Material Constants
kcopperk_{copper}
Value

401

Category

Material Constants

Thermal conductivity of copper.

Thermal Conductivity - Steel
Material Constants
ksteelk_{steel}
Value

50.2

Category

Material Constants

Thermal conductivity of carbon steel.

Thermal Expansion Coefficient - Aluminum
Material Constants
αaluminum\alpha_{aluminum}
Value

2.310000e-5

Category

Material Constants

Linear thermal expansion coefficient for aluminum.

Thermal Expansion Coefficient - Copper
Material Constants
αcopper\alpha_{copper}
Value

1.700000e-5

Category

Material Constants

Linear thermal expansion coefficient for copper.

Thermal Expansion Coefficient - Steel
Material Constants
αsteel\alpha_{steel}
Value

1.200000e-5

Category

Material Constants

Linear thermal expansion coefficient for steel.

Thermal Expansion Coefficient - Titanium
Material Constants
αtitanium\alpha_{titanium}
Value

8.600000e-6

Category

Material Constants

Linear thermal expansion coefficient for titanium.

Ultimate Tensile Strength - Aluminum Alloy (2014-T6)
Material Constants
σuts,aluminum\sigma_{uts, aluminum}
Value

4.830000e+8

Category

Material Constants

Ultimate tensile strength for 2014-T6 aluminum alloy.

Ultimate Tensile Strength - Steel (A36)
Material Constants
σuts,steel\sigma_{uts, steel}
Value

4.000000e+8

Category

Material Constants

Ultimate tensile strength for A36 structural steel.

Yield Strength - Aluminum Alloy (2014-T6)
Material Constants
σy,aluminum\sigma_{y, aluminum}
Value

4.140000e+8

Category

Material Constants

Yield strength for 2014-T6 aluminum alloy.

Yield Strength - Steel (A36)
Material Constants
σy,steel\sigma_{y, steel}
Value

2.500000e+8

Category

Material Constants

Yield strength for A36 structural steel.

Young's Modulus - Aluminum
Material Constants
EaluminumE_{aluminum}
Value

6.900000e+10

Category

Material Constants

Young's modulus for aluminum.

Young's Modulus - Concrete
Material Constants
EconcreteE_{concrete}
Value

3.000000e+10

Category

Material Constants

Young's modulus for concrete.

Young's Modulus - Copper
Material Constants
EcopperE_{copper}
Value

1.170000e+11

Category

Material Constants

Young's modulus for copper.

Young's Modulus - Steel
Material Constants
EsteelE_{steel}
Value

2.000000e+11

Category

Material Constants

Young's modulus for steel.

Young's Modulus - Titanium
Material Constants
EtitaniumE_{titanium}
Value

1.160000e+11

Category

Material Constants

Young's modulus for titanium.

MATHEMATICS

1
Constant Multiple Rule
Derivatives
(af)′=af′(af)' = af'
Value

a * f'

Category

Derivatives

The derivative of a constant multiplied by a function is the constant multiplied by the derivative of the function.

PHYSICS

136
atomic mass constant
Physical Constants
mm
Value

1.660539e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The atomic mass constant constant.

Avogadro constant
Physical Constants
NN
Value

Infinity

Category

Physical Constants

The Avogadro constant constant.

Bohr magneton
Physical Constants
μ\mu
Value

9.274010e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Bohr magneton constant.

Bohr radius
Physical Constants
aa
Value

5.291772e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Bohr radius constant.

Boltzmann constant
Physical Constants
kk
Value

1.380649e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Boltzmann constant constant.

Boltzmann's constant
Physical Constants
1.380658×10−231.380658 \times 10^{-23}
Value

1.380658e-23

Category

Physical Constants

A physical constant relating the average relative kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature.

characteristic impedance of vacuum
Physical Constants
ZZ
Value

376.73031341259

Category

Physical Constants

The characteristic impedance of vacuum constant.

classical electron radius
Physical Constants
rr
Value

2.817940e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The classical electron radius constant.

conductance quantum
Physical Constants
GG
Value

7.748092e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The conductance quantum constant.

Constant: 1 BTU → J
Constant — Conversion
BTUto, J=1055.06  J per BTUBTU_{to,\,J} = 1055.06 \; \text{J per BTU}
Value

1055.06

Category

Constant — Conversion

Constant: 1 ft → m
Constant — Conversion
ftto, m=0.3048  m per ftft_{to,\,m} = 0.3048 \; \text{m per ft}
Value

0.3048

Category

Constant — Conversion

Constant: 1 hp → W
Constant — Conversion
hpto, W=745.7  W per hphp_{to,\,W} = 745.7 \; \text{W per hp}
Value

745.7

Category

Constant — Conversion

Constant: 1 knot → m/s
Constant — Conversion
ktto, ms=0.514444  m/s per ktkt_{to,\,ms} = 0.514444 \; \text{m/s per kt}
Value

0.514444

Category

Constant — Conversion

Constant: 1 lbf → N
Constant — Conversion
lbfto, N=4.44822  N per lbflbf_{to,\,N} = 4.44822 \; \text{N per lbf}
Value

4.44822

Category

Constant — Conversion

Constant: 1 psi → Pa
Constant — Conversion
psito, Pa=6894.76  Pa per psipsi_{to,\,Pa} = 6894.76 \; \text{Pa per psi}
Value

6894.76

Category

Constant — Conversion

Constant: Acoustic Impedance of Air (20°C)
Constant — Acoustic
Zair=413  Pas/mZ_{air} = 413 \; \text{Pas/m}
Value

413

Category

Constant — Acoustic

Constant: Acoustic Impedance of Water
Constant — Acoustic
Zwater=1.48×106  Pas/mZ_{water} = 1.48 \times 10^{6} \; \text{Pas/m}
Value

1.480000e+6

Category

Constant — Acoustic

Constant: Air Dynamic Viscosity (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
muair, 20=1.825×10−5  Pasmu_{air,\,20} = 1.825 \times 10^{-5} \; \text{Pas}
Value

1.825000e-5

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Air Kinematic Viscosity (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
nuair, 20=1.516×10−5  m/snu_{air,\,20} = 1.516 \times 10^{-5} \; \text{m/s}
Value

1.516000e-5

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Air Prandtl Number (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
Prair, 20=0.713Pr_{air,\,20} = 0.713
Value

0.713

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Air Thermal Conductivity (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
kair, 20=0.0257  W/(mK)k_{air,\,20} = 0.0257 \; \text{W/(mK)}
Value

0.0257

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Aluminum Poisson's Ratio
Constant — Material Properties
nualuminum=0.33nu_{aluminum} = 0.33
Value

0.33

Category

Constant — Material Properties

Constant: Aluminum Young's Modulus
Constant — Material Properties
Ealuminum=70×109  PaE_{aluminum} = 70 \times 10^{9} \; \text{Pa}
Value

7.000000e+10

Category

Constant — Material Properties

Constant: Atomic Mass Unit
Physical Constants
u=1.661×10−27  kgu = 1.661 \times 10⁻²⁷ \; \text{kg}
Value

1.661 * 10**(-27)

Category

Physical Constants

Atomic Mass Unit. Related: Nuclear, chemistry

Constant: Avogadro Number
Constant — Universal
NA=6.02214076×10+23  1/molN_{A} = 6.02214076 \times 10^{+23} \; \text{1/mol}
Value

6.022141e+23

Category

Constant — Universal

Constant: Bohr radius
Physical Constants
a0=5.29177210903×10−11  ma₀ = 5.29177210903 \times 10^{-11} \; \text{m}
Value

5.29177210**903e-11

Category

Physical Constants

Bohr radius. Related: Hydrogen atom, QM calculations

Constant: Boltzmann Constant
Physical Constants
kB=1.381×10−23  J/KkB = 1.381 \times 10⁻²³ \; \text{J/K}
Value

1.381 * 10**(-23)

Category

Physical Constants

Boltzmann Constant. Related: Thermo, Kinetic theory

Constant: Compton wavelength (electron)
Physical Constants
λC=2.42631023867×10−12  m\lambda_C = 2.42631023867 \times 10^{-12} \; \text{m}
Value

2.426310**23867e-12

Category

Physical Constants

Compton wavelength (electron). Related: Compton scattering, QED

Constant: Concrete Compressive Strength (f'c)
Constant — Material Properties
fcconcrete=30×106  Pafc_{concrete} = 30 \times 10^{6} \; \text{Pa}
Value

3.000000e+7

Category

Constant — Material Properties

Constant: Coulomb's Constant
Physical Constants
ke=8.988×109  N\cdotpm²/C²ke = 8.988 \times 10⁹ \; \text{N·m²/C²}
Value

8.988 * 109

Category

Physical Constants

Coulomb's Constant. Related: Coulomb's law

Constant: Density of Water (4°C)
Physical Constants
\rhow=1000  kg/m³\rhow = 1000 \; \text{kg/m³}
Value

10**00

Category

Physical Constants

Density of Water (4°C). Related: Buoyancy, hydraulics

Constant: Electron Mass
Physical Constants
me=9.109×10−31  kgmₑ = 9.109 \times 10⁻³¹ \; \text{kg}
Value

9.10**9 * 10**(-31)

Category

Physical Constants

Electron Mass. Related: QM, atomic physics

Constant: Elementary Charge
Physical Constants
e=1.602×10−19  Ce = 1.602 \times 10⁻¹⁹ \; \text{C}
Value

1.602 * 10**(-19)

Category

Physical Constants

Elementary Charge. Related: Coulomb's law, circuits

Constant: Euler's Number
Physical Constants
e=2.71828...  —e = 2.71828... \; \text{—}
Value

2.71828

Category

Physical Constants

Euler's Number. Related: Exponentials, calculus

Constant: Faraday constant
Physical Constants
F=96485.33212  C\cdotpmol⁻¹F = 96485.33212 \; \text{C·mol⁻¹}
Value

96485.33212

Category

Physical Constants

Faraday constant. Related: Electrochemistry, Nernst equation

Constant: Fine-structure constant
Physical Constants
α=0.0072973525693  dimensionless\alpha = 0.0072973525693 \; \text{dimensionless}
Value

0.0072973525693

Category

Physical Constants

Fine-structure constant. Related: EM coupling strength; α ≈ 1/137

Constant: gamma (H2/O2 products, ~3500K)
Constant — Exhaust
gammaH2O2=1.2gamma_{H2O2} = 1.2
Value

1.2

Category

Constant — Exhaust

Constant: Gas Constant
Physical Constants
R=8.314  J/(mol\cdotpK)R = 8.314 \; \text{J/(mol·K)}
Value

8.314

Category

Physical Constants

Gas Constant. Related: Ideal gas law

Constant: Gravitational Constant
Physical Constants
G=6.674×10−11  N\cdotpm²/kg²G = 6.674 \times 10⁻¹¹ \; \text{N·m²/kg²}
Value

6.674 * 10**(-11)

Category

Physical Constants

Gravitational Constant. Related: Gravitation

Constant: Heating Value (Jet-A / kerosene)
Constant — Fuel
QR, jetA=43000000  J/kgQ_{R,\,jetA} = 43000000 \; \text{J/kg}
Value

4.300000e+7

Category

Constant — Fuel

Constant: Lower heating value of diesel
Physical Constants
QLHV,diesel=42.5×106  J/kgQ_{LHV},diesel = 42.5 \times 10^{6} \; \text{J/kg}
Value

4.250000e+7

Category

Physical Constants

Lower heating value of diesel. Related: R040

Constant: Lower heating value of gasoline
Physical Constants
QLHV,gasoline=44.0×106  J/kgQ_{LHV},gasoline = 44.0 \times 10^{6} \; \text{J/kg}
Value

4.400000e+7

Category

Physical Constants

Lower heating value of gasoline. Related: R040

Constant: Lower heating value of hydrogen
Physical Constants
QLHV,H2=120.0×106  J/kgQ_{LHV},H2 = 120.0 \times 10^{6} \; \text{J/kg}
Value

1.200000e+8

Category

Physical Constants

Lower heating value of hydrogen. Related: R042

Constant: Mass of Earth
Physical Constants
M⊕=5.972×1024  kgM⊕ = 5.972 \times 10²⁴ \; \text{kg}
Value

5.972 * 1024

Category

Physical Constants

Mass of Earth. Related: Gravitation

Constant: Molar mass (H2/O2 products)
Constant — Exhaust
Mmol, H2O2=0.018  kg/molM_{mol,\,H2O2} = 0.018 \; \text{kg/mol}
Value

0.018

Category

Constant — Exhaust

Constant: Molar Mass of Air
Constant — Air (ISA)
Mair=0.0289647  kg/molM_{air} = 0.0289647 \; \text{kg/mol}
Value

0.0289647

Category

Constant — Air (ISA)

Constant: Pi
Physical Constants
π=3.14159...  —\pi = 3.14159... \; \text{—}
Value

3.14159

Category

Physical Constants

Pi. Related: Geometry, trig, waves

Constant: Planck's Constant
Physical Constants
h=6.626×10−34  J\cdotpsh = 6.626 \times 10⁻³⁴ \; \text{J·s}
Value

6.626 * 10**(-34)

Category

Physical Constants

Planck's Constant. Related: QM, Photonics

Constant: Proton Mass
Physical Constants
mp=1.673×10−27  kgmp = 1.673 \times 10⁻²⁷ \; \text{kg}
Value

1.673 * 10**(-27)

Category

Physical Constants

Proton Mass. Related: Nuclear physics

Constant: Radius of Earth
Physical Constants
R⊕=6.371×106  mR⊕ = 6.371 \times 10⁶ \; \text{m}
Value

6.371 * 106

Category

Physical Constants

Radius of Earth. Related: Gravitation

Constant: Ratio of specific heats (air)
Physical Constants
γair=1.4  —\gamma_air = 1.4 \; \text{—}
Value

1.4

Category

Physical Constants

Ratio of specific heats (air). Related: Speed of sound, isentropic relations, Brayton/Otto cycles

Constant: Reduced Planck's Constant
Physical Constants
ℏ=1.055×10−34  J\cdotps\hbar = 1.055 \times 10⁻³⁴ \; \text{J·s}
Value

1.055 * 10**(-34)

Category

Physical Constants

Reduced Planck's Constant. Related: QM

Constant: Reference Sound Intensity
Constant — Acoustic
Iref=1×10−12  W/mI_{ref} = 1 \times 10^{-12} \; \text{W/m}
Value

1.000000e-12

Category

Constant — Acoustic

Constant: Reference Sound Pressure
Constant — Acoustic
pref=20×10−6  Pap_{ref} = 20 \times 10^{-6} \; \text{Pa}
Value

2.000000e-5

Category

Constant — Acoustic

Constant: Rydberg constant
Physical Constants
R∞=10973731.56816  m⁻¹R∞ = 10973731.56816 \; \text{m⁻¹}
Value

10**973731.56816

Category

Physical Constants

Rydberg constant. Related: Hydrogen spectral lines

Constant: Sea Level Pressure
Constant — ISA SL
pSL=101325  Pap_{SL} = 101325 \; \text{Pa}
Value

101325

Category

Constant — ISA SL

Constant: Sea Level Speed of Sound
Constant — ISA SL
aSL=340.294  m/sa_{SL} = 340.294 \; \text{m/s}
Value

340.294

Category

Constant — ISA SL

Constant: Specific gas constant (air)
Physical Constants
Rair=287.058  J/(kg\cdotpK)R_{air} = 287.058 \; \text{J/(kg·K)}
Value

287.058

Category

Physical Constants

Specific gas constant (air). Related: Ideal gas law for air, speed of sound

Constant: Specific Heat at Const. Press. (air)
Constant — Air (ISA)
cp, air=1005  J/(kgK)c_{p,\,air} = 1005 \; \text{J/(kgK)}
Value

1005

Category

Constant — Air (ISA)

Constant: Specific Heat at Const. Vol. (air)
Constant — Air (ISA)
cv, air=718  J/(kgK)c_{v,\,air} = 718 \; \text{J/(kgK)}
Value

718

Category

Constant — Air (ISA)

Constant: Speed of Light
Constant — Electromagnetic
clight=299792458  m/sc_{light} = 299792458 \; \text{m/s}
Value

2.997925e+8

Category

Constant — Electromagnetic

Constant: Speed of Light in Vacuum
Physical Constants
c=2.998×108  m/sc = 2.998 \times 10⁸ \; \text{m/s}
Value

2.998 * 108

Category

Physical Constants

Speed of Light in Vacuum. Related: Relativity, EM waves

Constant: Speed of Sound (air, 20°C)
Physical Constants
vsound=343  m/svsound = 343 \; \text{m/s}
Value

343

Category

Physical Constants

Speed of Sound (air, 20°C). Related: Sound waves, Doppler

Constant: Standard Atmospheric Pressure
Physical Constants
atm=1.013×105  Paatm = 1.013 \times 10⁵ \; \text{Pa}
Value

1.013 * 105

Category

Physical Constants

Standard Atmospheric Pressure. Related: Fluid statics

Constant: Standard Gravity
Physical Constants
g=9.80665  m/s²g = 9.80665 \; \text{m/s²}
Value

9.80665

Category

Physical Constants

Standard Gravity. Related: Weight, projectile

Constant: Steel Poisson's Ratio
Constant — Material Properties
nusteel=0.30nu_{steel} = 0.30
Value

0.3

Category

Constant — Material Properties

Constant: Stefan-Boltzmann Constant
Physical Constants
σ=5.670×10−8  W/(m²\cdotpK⁴)\sigma = 5.670 \times 10⁻⁸ \; \text{W/(m²·K⁴)}
Value

5.670 * 10**(-8)

Category

Physical Constants

Stefan-Boltzmann Constant. Related: Blackbody radiation

Constant: Stoichiometric AFR — diesel
Physical Constants
AFRstoich,diesel=14.5  mass ratioAFR_{stoich},diesel = 14.5 \; \text{mass ratio}
Value

14.5

Category

Physical Constants

Stoichiometric AFR — diesel. Related: R040

Constant: Stoichiometric AFR — gasoline
Physical Constants
AFRstoich,gasoline=14.7  mass ratioAFR_{stoich},gasoline = 14.7 \; \text{mass ratio}
Value

14.7

Category

Physical Constants

Stoichiometric AFR — gasoline. Related: R040

Constant: Temperature Lapse Rate (Troposphere)
Constant — ISA SL
Ltropo=−0.0065  K/mL_{tropo} = -0.0065 \; \text{K/m}
Value

-0.0065

Category

Constant — ISA SL

Constant: Thermoneutral voltage (H₂/O₂)
Physical Constants
Etn=1.482  VE_{tn} = 1.482 \; \text{V}
Value

1.482

Category

Physical Constants

Thermoneutral voltage (H₂/O₂). Related: R042

Constant: Threshold of Hearing
Physical Constants
I0=1.0×10−12  W/m²I₀ = 1.0 \times 10⁻¹² \; \text{W/m²}
Value

1.0 * 10**(-12)

Category

Physical Constants

Threshold of Hearing. Related: Decibel scale

Constant: Tropopause Altitude
Constant — ISA SL
htropo=11000  mh_{tropo} = 11000 \; \text{m}
Value

11000

Category

Constant — ISA SL

Constant: Tropopause Temperature
Constant — ISA SL
Ttropo=216.65  KT_{tropo} = 216.65 \; \text{K}
Value

216.65

Category

Constant — ISA SL

Constant: TSFC: lb/lbf/hr → 1/s (SI)
Constant — Conversion
—=×(g0/3600)  1/s— = \times(g_{0}/3600) \; \text{1/s}
Value

×(g_0/3600)

Category

Constant — Conversion

Constant: Universal Gas Constant
Constant — Universal
Ru=8.31446  J/(molK)R_{u} = 8.31446 \; \text{J/(molK)}
Value

8.31446

Category

Constant — Universal

Constant: Vacuum Permeability
Physical Constants
μ0=1.257×10−6  H/m\mu₀ = 1.257 \times 10⁻⁶ \; \text{H/m}
Value

1.257 * 10**(-6)

Category

Physical Constants

Vacuum Permeability. Related: Biot-Savart, Ampère, Maxwell

Constant: Vacuum Permittivity
Physical Constants
ϵ0=8.854×10−12  F/m\epsilon₀ = 8.854 \times 10⁻¹² \; \text{F/m}
Value

8.854 * 10**(-12)

Category

Physical Constants

Vacuum Permittivity. Related: Coulomb, Gauss, Maxwell

Constant: Water Density (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
rhowater, 20=998.2  kg/mrho_{water,\,20} = 998.2 \; \text{kg/m}
Value

998.2

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Water Dynamic Viscosity (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
muwater, 20=1.002×10−3  Pasmu_{water,\,20} = 1.002 \times 10^{-3} \; \text{Pas}
Value

0.001002

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Water Kinematic Viscosity (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
nuwater, 20=1.004×10−6  m/snu_{water,\,20} = 1.004 \times 10^{-6} \; \text{m/s}
Value

1.004000e-6

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Water Specific Heat (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
cp, water, 20=4182  J/(kgK)c_{p,\,water,\,20} = 4182 \; \text{J/(kgK)}
Value

4182

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Water Surface Tension (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
sigmawater, 20=0.0728  N/msigma_{water,\,20} = 0.0728 \; \text{N/m}
Value

0.0728

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Water Thermal Conductivity (20°C)
Constant — Fluid Properties
kwater, 20=0.598  W/(mK)k_{water,\,20} = 0.598 \; \text{W/(mK)}
Value

0.598

Category

Constant — Fluid Properties

Constant: Wien displacement constant
Physical Constants
b=0.002897771955  m\cdotpKb = 0.002897771955 \; \text{m·K}
Value

0.002897771955

Category

Physical Constants

Wien displacement constant. Related: Peak wavelength of blackbody: λ_max = b/T

cosmological constant
Physical Constants
Λ\Lambda
Value

1.089290e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The cosmological constant constant.

electron g-factor
Physical Constants
gg
Value

-2.0023193043609235

Category

Physical Constants

The electron g-factor constant.

electron mass
Physical Constants
mm
Value

9.109384e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The electron mass constant.

elementary charge
Physical Constants
ee
Value

1.602177e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The elementary charge constant.

Equations of Motion (constant acceleration): Displacement
Classical Mechanics
s=s0+v0t+12at2s = s_{0} + v_{0t} + \frac{1}{2}at^{2}
Value

s = s0 + v0 * t + 0.5 * a * t**2

Category

Classical Mechanics

Calculates the final position of an object under constant acceleration.

Equations of Motion (constant acceleration): Velocity
Classical Mechanics
v=v0+atv = v_{0} + at
Value

v = v0 + a * t

Category

Classical Mechanics

Calculates the final velocity of an object under constant acceleration.

Equations of Motion (constant acceleration): Velocity-Displacement
Classical Mechanics
v2=v02+2a(s−s0)v^{2} = v_{0}^{2} + 2a(s - s_{0})
Value

v**2 = v0**2 + 2 * a * (s - s0)

Category

Classical Mechanics

Relates final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and displacement for an object under constant acceleration.

Faraday constant
Physical Constants
FF
Value

96485.33212331001

Category

Physical Constants

The Faraday constant constant.

Fermi coupling constant
Physical Constants
GG
Value

1.166379e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Fermi coupling constant constant.

fine-structure constant
Physical Constants
α\alpha
Value

0.007297352564311

Category

Physical Constants

The fine-structure constant constant.

first radiation constant
Physical Constants
cc
Value

3.741772e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The first radiation constant constant.

first radiation constant for spectral radiance
Physical Constants
cc
Value

1.191043e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The first radiation constant for spectral radiance constant.

Hartree energy
Physical Constants
EE
Value

4.359745e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Hartree energy constant.

Heat Capacity (at constant volume)
Statistical Mechanics
CV=∂U∂TC_{V} = \frac{\partial U}{\partial T}
Value

d(U)/d(T)

Category

Statistical Mechanics

The heat capacity at constant volume, which is the change in internal energy with respect to temperature.

hyperfine transition frequency of 133Cs
Physical Constants
Δ\Delta
Value

9.192632e+9

Category

Physical Constants

The hyperfine transition frequency of 133Cs constant.

inverse conductance quantum
Physical Constants
GG
Value

12906.40372

Category

Physical Constants

The inverse conductance quantum constant.

inverse fine-structure constant
Physical Constants
α\alpha
Value

137.03599917721

Category

Physical Constants

The inverse fine-structure constant constant.

Josephson constant
Physical Constants
KK
Value

4.835978e+114

Category

Physical Constants

The Josephson constant constant.

magnetic flux quantum
Physical Constants
Φ\Phi
Value

2.067834e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The magnetic flux quantum constant.

molar gas constant
Physical Constants
RR
Value

8.31446261815324

Category

Physical Constants

The molar gas constant constant.

molar mass constant
Physical Constants
MM
Value

1.000000e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The molar mass constant constant.

molar mass of carbon-12
Physical Constants
MM
Value

1.200000e+11

Category

Physical Constants

The molar mass of carbon-12 constant.

molar Planck constant
Physical Constants
NN
Value

3.990313e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The molar Planck constant constant.

molar volume of silicon
Physical Constants
VV
Value

1.205883e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The molar volume of silicon constant.

muon g-factor
Physical Constants
gg
Value

-2.0023318412382

Category

Physical Constants

The muon g-factor constant.

muon mass
Physical Constants
mm
Value

1.883532e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The muon mass constant.

neutron mass
Physical Constants
mm
Value

1.674928e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The neutron mass constant.

Newtonian constant of gravitation
Physical Constants
GG
Value

6.674302e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Newtonian constant of gravitation constant.

nuclear magneton
Physical Constants
μ\mu
Value

5.050784e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The nuclear magneton constant.

Planck constant
Physical Constants
hh
Value

6.626070e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Planck constant constant.

proton g-factor
Physical Constants
gg
Value

5.585694689316

Category

Physical Constants

The proton g-factor constant.

proton mass
Physical Constants
mm
Value

1.672622e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The proton mass constant.

proton-to-electron mass ratio
Physical Constants
mm
Value

1836.15267342632

Category

Physical Constants

The proton-to-electron mass ratio constant.

quantum of circulation
Physical Constants
hh
Value

3.636948e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The quantum of circulation constant.

RC Time Constant
Circuit Theory
τ=RC\tau = RC
Value

R*C

Category

Circuit Theory

reduced Planck constant
Physical Constants
ℏ\hbar
Value

1.054572e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The reduced Planck constant constant.

RL Time Constant
Electromagnetism — Circuits
τ=LR\tau = \frac{L}{R}
Value

L/R

Category

Electromagnetism — Circuits

Rydberg constant
Physical Constants
RR
Value

1.097373e+7

Category

Physical Constants

The Rydberg constant constant.

Rydberg unit of energy
Physical Constants
RR
Value

2.179872e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Rydberg unit of energy constant.

second radiation constant
Physical Constants
cc
Value

1.438777e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The second radiation constant constant.

sine-square weak mixing angle
Physical Constants
sinsin
Value

0.2230523

Category

Physical Constants

The sine-square weak mixing angle constant.

Stefan–Boltzmann constant
Physical Constants
σ\sigma
Value

5.670374e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Stefan–Boltzmann constant constant.

tau mass
Physical Constants
mm
Value

3.167542e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The tau mass constant.

Thomson cross section
Physical Constants
σ\sigma
Value

6.652459e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Thomson cross section constant.

vacuum electric permittivity
Physical Constants
ε\varepsilon
Value

8.854188e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The vacuum electric permittivity constant.

vacuum magnetic permeability
Physical Constants
μ\mu
Value

1.256637e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The vacuum magnetic permeability constant.

von Klitzing constant
Physical Constants
RR
Value

25812.80745

Category

Physical Constants

The von Klitzing constant constant.

W-to-Z mass ratio
Physical Constants
mm
Value

0.8814513

Category

Physical Constants

The W-to-Z mass ratio constant.

Wien entropy displacement law constant
Physical Constants
bb
Value

3.002916e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Wien entropy displacement law constant constant.

Wien frequency displacement law constant
Physical Constants
bb
Value

Infinity

Category

Physical Constants

The Wien frequency displacement law constant constant.

Wien wavelength displacement law constant
Physical Constants
bb
Value

2.897772e+10

Category

Physical Constants

The Wien wavelength displacement law constant constant.

STRUCTURAL

1
Seismic Design Spectrum (Constant Acceleration Region)
seismic, dynamics
Sd(T)=ag⋅S⋅2.5q,TB≤T≤TCS_{d}(T) = a_{g} \cdot S \cdot \frac{2.5}{q}, \quad T_{B} \leq T \leq T_{C}
Value

a_g * S * 2.5 / q

Category

seismic, dynamics

Design response spectrum ordinate in the constant acceleration region (plateau). Used for determining seismic forces on structures with fundamental period between TB and TC.